War against ESKAPE Pathogens

Antimicrobial-resistant ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) is regarded to be the prominent reason of Healthcare-Acquired Infections and many among them are multidrug resistant isolates (pathogens that are multidrug resistant (MDR), including vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)), and therefore represent a global threat to entire human health. Every year, around 700,000 people deaths are accredited to antimicrobial resistance {AMR}. Devoid of proper feat, the death rate could mount higher to 10 million deaths every year by 2050. Continual usage of antimicrobials aggravated the appearance and widespread of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) bacteria, which leaves even the majority of efficient antibiotics futile. The development of novel antimicrobial agents or other tools to combat these public health challenges is crucial for understanding the mechanism of resistance in these bacteria. To treat these antibiotic-resistant infections, mainly that caused by the ESKAPE pathogens with the advent of novel therapeutics is the need of hour. Substitute therapies such as use of combination of antibiotics or adjuvants with antibiotics, nanoparticles, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), star polymers, and structurally nanoengineered antimicrobial peptide polymers (SNAPPs) are extensively reported

Antituberculosis Drug Repurposing: A New Hope for Tackling Multi-Challenging TB in Timely Manner

Tuberculosis still stands as the world’s leading infectious disease as 1/4th of the world’s population harbors Latent TB infection (LTBI) > 10 million develops active TB and ~ 1.5 million people die per year. Approximately 4,65,000 people fell ill with multidrug or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB)/year. This deadly TB scenario demands new TB drug regimens to tackle global infection reservoir, and worldwide spread of drug resistance and DS TB. Successful entry of single new drug into market is much complicated mission owing to time, cost, efficacy, and safety issues. Therefore, drug repurposing seems one reliable hope to meet the challenges of modern TB drug discovery timely, as it starts with examining market acclaimed drugs against other diseases for their efficacies against tuberculosis avoiding several lengthy and costly steps required for new molecules. Several drugs have been identified, which show potential for TB treatment. There is need for careful consideration of various trial designs to ensure that TB phase III trials are initiated for fruitful development of new TB treatment regimens. TB drug repurposing will not only give fast track novel drugs but will also serve to identify new targets for future development in cost-effective manner